WORKSHEET – CHAPTER 4: CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

SECTION A – MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20 MCQs)

  1. Carbon forms a large number of compounds due to:
     a) Catenation
     b) Tetravalency
     c) Both a and b
     d) None

  2. The valency of carbon is:
     a) 1
     b) 2
     c) 3
     d) 4

  3. The general formula of alkanes is:
     a) CₙH₂ₙ
     b) CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
     c) CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
     d) CₙH₂ₙ₊₁

  4. The IUPAC name of CH₃–CH₂–CH₃ is:
     a) Butane
     b) Propane
     c) Ethane
     d) Propene

  5. Ethene contains:
     a) Single bond
     b) Double bond
     c) Triple bond
     d) No bond

  6. The functional group –OH represents:
     a) Aldehyde
     b) Alcohol
     c) Carboxylic acid
     d) Ketone

  7. Which of the following undergoes addition reaction?
     a) Alkanes
     b) Alkenes
     c) Alkynes
     d) Both b and c

  8. Vinegar is a 5–8% solution of:
     a) Methanoic acid
     b) Ethanoic acid
     c) Citric acid
     d) Carbonic acid

  9. Esterification is a reaction between:
     a) Acid and base
     b) Alcohol and acid
     c) Alkane and alcohol
     d) Alcohol and base

  10. Which of the following is a saturated hydrocarbon?
     a) Ethane
     b) Ethene
     c) Ethyne
     d) Benzene

  11. Soap is a:
     a) Sodium salt of fatty acid
     b) Hydrocarbon
     c) Alcohol
     d) Ester

  12. Detergents are effective in:
     a) Soft water only
     b) Hard water only
     c) Both soft and hard water
     d) Neither water

  13. Ethanol reacts with sodium to produce:
     a) H₂ gas
     b) CO₂ gas
     c) O₂ gas
     d) NO₂ gas

  14. The reaction CH₃COOH + NaHCO₃ → produces:
     a) CO₂
     b) H₂
     c) H₂S
     d) N₂

  15. The IUPAC name of CH₃–CH₂–OH is:
     a) Ethanol
     b) Methanol
     c) Propanol
     d) Butanol

  16. Which property makes carbon unique?
     a) Low melting point
     b) Ability to form chains
     c) Ability to ionise
     d) Ability to rust

  17. Alkyne contains:
     a) Single bond
     b) Double bond
     c) Triple bond
     d) Four bonds

  18. Soaps form scum in hard water due to:
     a) Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ salts
     b) Na⁺ ions
     c) K⁺ ions
     d) Fe²⁺ ions

  19. The process of converting vegetable oil into ghee is:
     a) Oxidation
     b) Reduction
     c) Hydrogenation
     d) Polymerisation

  20. What is formed when ethanol is oxidised?
     a) Ethene
     b) Ethanoic acid
     c) Methanoic acid
     d) Propanol

SECTION B – ASSERTION & REASON (10 Questions)

  1. A: Carbon forms four covalent bonds.
     R: Carbon has four valence electrons.

  2. A: Ethene undergoes addition reactions.
     R: Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

  3. A: Ethanoic acid turns blue litmus red.
     R: It is an acid.

  4. A: Detergents work in hard water.
     R: They do not form insoluble salts with Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺.

  5. A: Methane is a saturated hydrocarbon.
     R: It contains only single bonds.

  6. A: Ester has a sweet smell.
     R: It is formed by reaction of alcohol and acid.

  7. A: Carbon compounds turn black on strong heating.
     R: Carbon compounds burn to form carbon.

  8. A: Soaps do not work well in hard water.
     R: They form insoluble scum with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.

  9. A: The functional group –COOH represents acid.
     R: –COOH gives H⁺ ions in solution.

  10. A: Ethanol reacts with Na to produce H₂.
     R: Alcohols release hydrogen when reacting with metals.

SECTION C – ONE-WORD / VERY SHORT ANSWERS (10)

  1. Define catenation.
  2. Write formula of methane.
  3. Name the functional group in alcohols.
  4. What is the formula of ethanoic acid?
  5. What is saponification?
  6. Name the gas evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium.
  7. Define homologous series.
  8. Write IUPAC name of CH₃–CH₂–COOH.
  9. Name the product formed during hydrogenation of oils.
  10. Write one use of ethanol.

SECTION D – SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (8)

  1. What is tetravalency of carbon? Explain with diagram.
  2. Define homologous series. State its characteristics.
  3. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with examples.
  4. What is esterification? Give its equation.
  5. What are soaps? Why do they not work well in hard water?
  6. Describe addition reactions with examples.
  7. What happens when ethanol reacts with:
     (a) Sodium
     (b) Concentrated H₂SO₄
  8. Explain hydrogenation of vegetable oils.

SECTION E – LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5)

  1. Explain the versatile nature of carbon (catenation, tetravalency).
  2. Describe the chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition, substitution).
  3. Explain the properties and uses of ethanol and ethanoic acid.
  4. What are soaps and detergents? Compare their properties, advantages and disadvantages.
  5. Discuss esterification and saponification with balanced equations.
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